Bhoutan
- Abstract
- Summary
- Comparative Statistical Analysis
- Strengths and Weakness
- Instruments ratifications
- Historical Data
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Le Bhoutan (/bu.tɑ̃/ ; en dzongkha : འབྲུག་ཡུལ་, Druk Yul, translittération Wylie : ʼbrug-yul, /ʈuk̚˩.yː˩/), en forme longue le royaume du Bhoutan, est un pays d’Asie du Sud sans accès à la mer. Il est situé dans l’Est de la chaîne de l’Himalaya, enclavé entre l’Inde au sud, à l’est et à l’ouest-sud-ouest, avec laquelle il partage 605 km de frontières terrestres, et la Chine (région autonome du Tibet) au nord et à l'ouest-nord-ouest avec 470 km de frontières. Plus à l'ouest, il est séparé du Népal par l'État indien du Sikkim, et plus au sud il est séparé du Bangladesh par les États indiens d'Assam et du Bengale-Occidental. Sa capitale et plus grande ville est Thimphou.
Le Bhoutan est un ensemble de fiefs mineurs en guerre jusqu'au début du XVIIe siècle, quand le lama et chef militaire Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal, fuyant la persécution religieuse au Tibet, unifie la région et cultive une identité bhoutanaise distincte. À la fin du XVIIIe siècle, le Bhoutan entre en contact avec l'Empire britannique. Il en devient ensuite un protectorat. Le Bhoutan continue de maintenir des relations bilatérales fortes avec l'Inde de laquelle il se détache en 1949.
La géographie du Bhoutan varie des plaines subtropicales dans le sud aux montagnes de l'Himalaya au nord, où certains sommets excèdent 7 000 m. Sa superficie est de 38 394 km2 et le pays mesure environ 300 km dans sa plus grande longueur est-ouest, et 170 km dans le sens nord-sud.
La religion d'État du Bhoutan est le bouddhisme vajrayāna (bouddhisme tibétain). Le bouddhisme prédomine dans sa population estimée à presque 750 000 personnes en 2012/13. L'hindouisme est la seconde religion du pays.
À partir de 1985, le gouvernement bhoutanais décide de ne plus considérer comme bhoutanaise la population d'origine népalaise, ce qui entraîne l'exil, plus ou moins contraint, de ces Bhoutanais d'origine népalaise, privés de leur citoyenneté. Nombre d'entre eux vivent désormais au Népal dans des camps de réfugiés sous l'égide du Haut Commissariat des Nations unies pour les réfugiés (HCR).
En 2008, le Bhoutan passe d'une monarchie absolue à une monarchie constitutionnelle et organise ses premières élections générales. Il est membre des Nations unies, ainsi que de l'Association sud-asiatique pour la coopération régionale (ASACR), dont il a accueilli le seizième sommet en avril 2010.
Instruments ratified: | 60 / 282 |
---|---|
World Average Ratifications: | 114 / 282 |
Ratification rate: | 23.68% |
World Average Rate: | 41.25% |
Weighted score: | 26.89% |
World Average Weighted Score: | 41.25% |
World rank: | 180 / 194 |
BONNE GOUVERNANCE | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Corruption | 0/4 | 0.00% | 50.00% | 176 | Weak |
Biens culturels | 2/4 (50.00%) | 50.00% | 54.00% | 61 | Weak |
Stupéfiants | 3/3 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 95.00% | 1 | Weak |
Délit d'initié | 0/1 | 0.00% | 4.00% | 9 | Weak |
Crime organisé | 0/2 | 0.00% | 80.00% | 183 | Weak |
Total | 5 | 44.23% | 68.00% | 180 | Weak |
CONTENTIEUX | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Arbitrage | 3/6 (50.00%) | 65.00% | 32.00% | 6 | Strong |
Coopération judiciaire | 0/5 | 0.00% | 36.00% | 119 | Weak |
Reconnaissance des jugements étrangers | 0/2 | 0.00% | 2.00% | 6 | Weak |
Compétence judiciaire | 0/4 | 0.00% | 14.00% | 29 | Weak |
Procédure judiciaire | 0/1 | 0.00% | 6.00% | 12 | Weak |
Immunités des Etats | 0/1 | 0.00% | 11.00% | 22 | Weak |
Total | 3 | 26.00% | 29.00% | 86 | Weak |
CONTRATS | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Représentation | 0/2 | 0.00% | 2.00% | 8 | Weak |
Conflits de loi | 0/7 | 0.00% | 3.00% | 27 | Weak |
Commerce électronique | 2/3 (66.67%) | 66.67% | 18.00% | 2 | Strong |
Franchisage | 0/1 | 0.00% | 0.00% | 1 | Average |
Leasing/Factoring | 0/2 | 0.00% | 5.00% | 13 | Weak |
Principes et usages commerciaux | 0/2 | 0.00% | 0.00% | 1 | Average |
Marchés publics | 0/4 | 0.00% | 3.00% | 31 | Weak |
Vente de marchandises | 0/5 | 0.00% | 25.00% | 89 | Weak |
Contrats de voyage | 0/1 | 0.00% | 3.00% | 7 | Weak |
Total | 2 | 14.49% | 9.00% | 37 | Strong |
DOUANES | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Codification douanière | 2/3 (66.67%) | 100.00% | 78.00% | 1 | Strong |
Coopération douanière | 1/6 (16.67%) | 33.33% | 26.00% | 71 | Strong |
Importation en franchise | 0/9 | 0.00% | 30.00% | 133 | Weak |
Importations temporaires | 0/11 | 0.00% | 28.00% | 126 | Weak |
Transit | 0/4 | 0.00% | 28.00% | 98 | Weak |
Total | 3 | 10.87% | 31.00% | 135 | Weak |
DROIT DES TRAITéS | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Général | 0/4 | 0.00% | 30.00% | 113 | Weak |
Total | 0 | 0.00% | 30.00% | 113 | Weak |
DROITS DE L'HOMME ET NORMES DU TRAVAIL | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Droits de l'homme | 7/7 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 96.00% | 1 | Weak |
Normes du travail | 7/8 (87.50%) | 87.50% | 86.00% | 134 | Weak |
Total | 14 | 93.33% | 91.00% | 126 | Weak |
ENVIRONNEMENT ET PRODUITS | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Atmosphère | 4/5 (80.00%) | 80.00% | 86.00% | 59 | Weak |
Produits chimiques | 0/1 | 0.00% | 78.00% | 152 | Weak |
Energie | 0/2 | 0.00% | 25.00% | 50 | Weak |
Faune et flore | 6/10 (60.00%) | 65.22% | 68.00% | 91 | Weak |
Produits alimentaires | 2/2 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 79.00% | 1 | Strong |
Général | 1/1 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 95.00% | 1 | Weak |
Cours d'eau internationaux | 0/1 | 0.00% | 18.00% | 36 | Weak |
Espaces maritimes et droit de la mer | 0/26 | 0.00% | 46.00% | 182 | Weak |
Zones géographiques protégées | 0/1 | 0.00% | 27.00% | 54 | Weak |
Déchets | 1/1 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 93.00% | 1 | Weak |
Total | 14 | 35.42% | 61.00% | 181 | Weak |
FINANCEMENT, PAIEMENT ET INSOLVABILITé | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Cessions de créances | 0/1 | 0.00% | 1.00% | 2 | Weak |
Faillite et insolvabilité | 0/1 | 0.00% | 21.00% | 41 | Weak |
Lettres de change et billets à ordre | 0/4 | 0.00% | 8.00% | 43 | Weak |
Chèques | 0/3 | 0.00% | 13.00% | 36 | Weak |
Virements internationaux | 0/1 | 0.00% | 0.00% | 1 | Average |
Sûretés | 2/3 (66.67%) | 54.55% | 20.00% | 5 | Strong |
Total | 2 | 14.63% | 12.00% | 52 | Strong |
INVESTISSEMENTS | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Différends en matière d'investissements | 0/2 | 0.00% | 39.00% | 152 | Weak |
Garantie des investissements | 1/1 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 93.00% | 1 | Weak |
Total | 1 | 33.33% | 57.00% | 148 | Weak |
OMC | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Accords plurilatéraux | 0/2 | 0.00% | 18.00% | 45 | Weak |
Accords de l'O.M.C. | 0/1 | 0.00% | 81.00% | 159 | Weak |
Total | 0 | 0.00% | 47.00% | 159 | Weak |
PARTICIPATION INSTITUTIONNELLE | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Contentieux | 0/1 | 0.00% | 39.00% | 77 | Weak |
Droit commercial international | 5/10 (50.00%) | 50.00% | 73.00% | 163 | Weak |
Institutions d'appui au commerce | 1/6 (16.67%) | 16.67% | 51.00% | 146 | Weak |
Total | 6 | 35.29% | 63.00% | 168 | Weak |
PRODUITS | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Ressources marines | 0/1 | 0.00% | 24.00% | 48 | Weak |
Bois | 0/1 | 0.00% | 31.00% | 61 | Weak |
General | 1/1 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 92.00% | 1 | Weak |
Total | 1 | 38.46% | 53.00% | 85 | Weak |
PROPRIéTé INTELLECTUELLE | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Radiodiffusion | 0/1 | 0.00% | 47.00% | 93 | Weak |
Droit d'auteur | 1/3 (33.33%) | 45.45% | 65.00% | 112 | Weak |
Dessins industriels | 0/2 | 0.00% | 31.00% | 82 | Weak |
Circuits intégrés | 0/1 | 0.00% | 2.00% | 4 | Weak |
Droits voisins | 0/3 | 0.00% | 46.00% | 120 | Weak |
Origine | 0/3 | 0.00% | 14.00% | 51 | Weak |
Brevets | 1/5 (20.00%) | 23.81% | 57.00% | 153 | Weak |
Marques | 2/6 (33.33%) | 36.36% | 33.00% | 68 | Average |
Obtentions végétales | 0/1 | 0.00% | 37.00% | 73 | Weak |
Total | 4 | 18.95% | 42.00% | 143 | Weak |
TRANSPORT ET TELECOMMUNICATIONS | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Transport aérien | 1/7 (14.29%) | 14.29% | 59.00% | 168 | Weak |
Aéronefs et aviation civile | 4/9 (44.44%) | 56.00% | 74.00% | 151 | Weak |
Transport par navires et lignes de charge | 0/13 | 0.00% | 66.00% | 167 | Weak |
Transport maritime | 0/12 | 0.00% | 27.00% | 180 | Weak |
Transport multi modal | 0/2 | 0.00% | 4.00% | 15 | Weak |
Transport ferroviaire | 0/3 | 0.00% | 22.00% | 50 | Weak |
Transport routier | 0/4 | 0.00% | 31.00% | 86 | Weak |
Espace | 0/4 | 0.00% | 40.00% | 120 | Weak |
Télécommunications | 0/2 | 0.00% | 47.00% | 114 | Weak |
Total | 5 | 11.49% | 50.00% | 189 | Weak |
Strong | |
---|---|
Contracts | E-commerce |
Customs | Customs Codification |
Customs | Customs Cooperation |
Dispute resolution | Arbitration |
Environment and products | Foodstuff |
Finance, payments and insolvency | International guarantees |
Average | |
Contracts | Franchising |
Contracts | Principles, trade usages and standards |
Finance, payments and insolvency | Credit transfers |
Intellectual property | Trademarks |
Weak | |
Contracts | Agency |
Contracts | Conflict of laws |
Contracts | Leasing/Factoring |
Contracts | Procurement |
Contracts | Sale of Goods |
Contracts | Travel contracts |
Customs | Exemption from Duties |
Customs | Temporary Admission |
Customs | Transit |
Dispute resolution | Judicial cooperation |
Dispute resolution | Recognition of foreign judgments |
Dispute resolution | State court jurisdiction |
Dispute resolution | State court procedure |
Dispute resolution | State immunities |
Environment and products | Air |
Environment and products | Chemicals |
Environment and products | Energy |
Environment and products | Flora and fauna |
Environment and products | General |
Environment and products | International watercourses |
Environment and products | Maritime and Law of the Sea |
Environment and products | Protected geographical areas |
Environment and products | Waste |
Finance, payments and insolvency | Assignment of receivables |
Finance, payments and insolvency | Bankruptcy and insolvency |
Finance, payments and insolvency | Bills of exchange and promissory notes |
Finance, payments and insolvency | Cheques |
Good Governance | Corruption |
Good Governance | Cultural Property |
Good Governance | Drugs |
Good Governance | Insider Trading |
Good Governance | Organized crime |
Human Rights and Labour Standards | Human rights |
Human Rights and Labour Standards | Labour Standards |
Institutional Participation | Dispute Resolution |
Institutional Participation | International Trade Law |
Institutional Participation | Trade support institutions |
Intellectual property | Broadcasting |
Intellectual property | Copyright |
Intellectual property | Industrial designs |
Intellectual property | Integrated circuits |
Intellectual property | Neighboring Rights |
Intellectual property | Origin |
Intellectual property | Patents |
Intellectual property | Varieties of plants |
Investments | Investment disputes |
Investments | Investment guaranty |
Products | General |
Products | Marine Resources |
Products | Timber |
Transport and telecommunications | Air transport |
Transport and telecommunications | Aircrafts and civil aviation |
Transport and telecommunications | Maritime shipping and load lines |
Transport and telecommunications | Maritime transport |
Transport and telecommunications | Multi modal transport |
Transport and telecommunications | Rail transport |
Transport and telecommunications | Road transport |
Transport and telecommunications | Space |
Transport and telecommunications | Telecommunications |
Treaties law | General |
WTO | Plurilateral Agreements |
WTO | WTO Agreements |
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