Chad
- Abstract
- Summary
- Comparative Statistical Analysis
- Strengths and Weakness
- Instruments ratifications
- Historical Data
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Wikipedia Country Information
Chad[2] (en francés: Tchad; en árabe: تشاد, Tshad), cuyo nombre oficial es República de Chad, es un país sin litoral ubicado en África Central. Limita con Libia al norte, con Sudán al este, con la República Centroafricana al sur, Camerún y Nigeria al suroeste y con Níger al oeste. Chad se encuentra dividido en tres grandes regiones geográficas: la zona desértica del norte, el árido cinturón de Sahel en el centro y la sabana sudanesa fértil al sur. El lago Chad, por el cual el país obtuvo su nombre, es el cuerpo de agua más grande en Chad y el segundo más grande de África. El punto más alto de Chad es el Emi Koussi en el desierto del Sáhara. Yamena es la capital y la ciudad más grande del país. Chad es el hogar de más de 200 etnias. El francés y el árabe son los idiomas oficiales, mientras las religiones con más seguidores en el país son el cristianismo y el islam.
A principios del séptimo milenio a. C., numerosas poblaciones humanas arribaron al territorio chadiano. Para finales del primer milenio a. C., surgieron y desaparecieron varios estados e imperios en la zona central del país, todos ellos dedicados a controlar las rutas del comercio transahariano que cruzaban por la región, tales como Kanem-Bornu y Wadai. En el siglo XIX Francia conquistó este territorio y en 1920 lo incorporó al África Ecuatorial Francesa. En 1960 Chad obtuvo su independencia bajo el liderazgo de François Tombalbaye. En 1965 los levantamientos en contra de las políticas hacia los musulmanes del norte del país culminaron en una larga guerra civil. Así, en 1979 los rebeldes tomaron la capital y pusieron fin a la hegemonía de los cristianos del sur. Sin embargo, los comandantes de los rebeldes permanecieron en una lucha constante hasta que Hissène Habré se impuso ante sus rivales, pero en 1990 fue derrocado por su general Idriss Déby. Recientemente, la crisis de Darfur en Sudán traspasó la frontera y desestabilizó al país, con cientos de miles de refugiados viviendo en campamentos al este del país.
Mientras existen varios partidos políticos activos en el país, el poder recae firmemente en las manos del presidente Déby y su partido, el Movimiento Patriótico de Salvación. Desde 2009 el petróleo se ha convertido en la principal fuente de exportaciones para el país, sobrepasando la tradicional industria del algodón.
Instruments ratified: | 59 / 282 |
---|---|
World Average Ratifications: | 114 / 282 |
Ratification rate: | 26.66% |
World Average Rate: | 41.25% |
Weighted score: | 29.77% |
World Average Weighted Score: | 41.25% |
World rank: | 172 / 194 |
ADUANAS | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Codificación aduanera | 2/3 (66.67%) | 100.00% | 78.00% | 1 | Strong |
Cooperación aduanera | 0/6 | 0.00% | 26.00% | 117 | Weak |
Derechos de aduana | 0/9 | 0.00% | 30.00% | 133 | Weak |
Importaciones temporales | 1/11 (9.09%) | 8.82% | 28.00% | 114 | Weak |
Tránsito | 1/4 (25.00%) | 27.27% | 28.00% | 62 | Weak |
Total | 4 | 11.96% | 31.00% | 132 | Weak |
BUENA GOBERNABILIDAD | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Corrupción | 0/4 | 0.00% | 50.00% | 176 | Weak |
Objetos culturales | 2/4 (50.00%) | 50.00% | 54.00% | 61 | Weak |
Estupefacientes | 2/3 (66.67%) | 66.67% | 95.00% | 180 | Weak |
Información privilegiada | 0/1 | 0.00% | 4.00% | 9 | Weak |
Delincuencia organizada | 1/2 (50.00%) | 62.50% | 80.00% | 112 | Weak |
Total | 5 | 44.23% | 68.00% | 180 | Weak |
CONTRATOS | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Representacion | 0/2 | 0.00% | 2.00% | 8 | Weak |
Conflicto de leyes | 0/7 | 0.00% | 3.00% | 27 | Weak |
Comercio electronico | 0/3 | 0.00% | 18.00% | 70 | Weak |
Franchising | 0/1 | 0.00% | 0.00% | 1 | Average |
Leasing/Factoring | 0/2 | 0.00% | 5.00% | 13 | Weak |
Principios, usos, y normas | 0/2 | 0.00% | 0.00% | 1 | Average |
Contratación pública | 0/4 | 0.00% | 3.00% | 31 | Weak |
Venta de mercancÃas | 0/5 | 0.00% | 25.00% | 89 | Weak |
Contratos de viaje | 0/1 | 0.00% | 3.00% | 7 | Weak |
Total | 0 | 0.00% | 9.00% | 145 | Weak |
CONTROVERSIAS, ARBITRAJE E TRIBUNALES | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Arbitraje | 0/6 | 0.00% | 32.00% | 157 | Weak |
Cooperacion judicial | 0/5 | 0.00% | 36.00% | 119 | Weak |
Reconocimiento de juicios extranjeros | 0/2 | 0.00% | 2.00% | 6 | Weak |
Competencia judicial | 0/4 | 0.00% | 14.00% | 29 | Weak |
Procedimento judicial | 0/1 | 0.00% | 6.00% | 12 | Weak |
Inmunidades de los Estados | 0/1 | 0.00% | 11.00% | 22 | Weak |
Total | 0 | 0.00% | 29.00% | 171 | Weak |
DERECHO DE LOS TRATATOS | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
General | 0/4 | 0.00% | 30.00% | 113 | Weak |
Total | 0 | 0.00% | 30.00% | 113 | Weak |
DERECHOS DEL HOMBRE Y NORMAS DEL TRABAJO | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Derechos del Hombre | 7/7 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 96.00% | 1 | Weak |
Normas del trabajo | 8/8 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 86.00% | 1 | Strong |
Total | 15 | 100.00% | 91.00% | 1 | Average |
FINANCIACIONES, PAGO E INSOLVENCIA | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
0/1 | 0.00% | 1.00% | 2 | Weak | |
Quiebra e insolvencia | 1/1 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 21.00% | 1 | Strong |
Letras de cambio y pagares | 0/4 | 0.00% | 8.00% | 43 | Weak |
Cheques | 0/3 | 0.00% | 13.00% | 36 | Weak |
Transferencias internacionales | 0/1 | 0.00% | 0.00% | 1 | Average |
Garantias | 0/3 | 0.00% | 20.00% | 75 | Weak |
Total | 1 | 12.20% | 12.00% | 85 | Weak |
INVERSIONES | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Controversias en materia de inversiones | 1/2 (50.00%) | 50.00% | 39.00% | 2 | Strong |
GarantÃa de inversiones | 1/1 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 93.00% | 1 | Weak |
Total | 2 | 66.67% | 57.00% | 2 | Strong |
MEDIO AMBIENTE Y PRODUCTOS | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Air | 4/5 (80.00%) | 80.00% | 86.00% | 59 | Weak |
Produtos quÃmicos | 1/1 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 78.00% | 1 | Strong |
EnergÃa | 0/2 | 0.00% | 25.00% | 50 | Weak |
Fauna y flora | 6/10 (60.00%) | 65.22% | 68.00% | 91 | Weak |
Alimentos | 2/2 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 79.00% | 1 | Strong |
General | 1/1 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 95.00% | 1 | Weak |
Rios internacionales | 1/1 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 18.00% | 1 | Strong |
Esapcios marÃtimos y derecho del mar | 1/26 (3.85%) | 5.43% | 46.00% | 161 | Weak |
Zonas geográficas protegidas | 0/1 | 0.00% | 27.00% | 54 | Weak |
Residuos | 1/1 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 93.00% | 1 | Weak |
Total | 17 | 41.15% | 61.00% | 162 | Weak |
OMC | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Acuerdos Plurilaterales | 0/2 | 0.00% | 18.00% | 45 | Weak |
Acuerdos de la OMC | 1/1 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 81.00% | 1 | Strong |
Total | 1 | 45.45% | 47.00% | 45 | Weak |
PARTICIPACIóN INSTITUCIONAL | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Controversias, arbitraje e tribunales | 0/1 | 0.00% | 39.00% | 77 | Weak |
Derecho Mercantil Internacional | 5/10 (50.00%) | 50.00% | 73.00% | 163 | Weak |
Instituciones de apoyo comercial | 0/6 | 0.00% | 51.00% | 172 | Weak |
Total | 5 | 29.41% | 63.00% | 177 | Weak |
PRODUCTOS | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Recursos marinos | 0/1 | 0.00% | 24.00% | 48 | Weak |
Maderas | 0/1 | 0.00% | 31.00% | 61 | Weak |
General | 1/1 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 92.00% | 1 | Weak |
Total | 1 | 38.46% | 53.00% | 85 | Weak |
PROPIEDAD INTELECTUAL | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Radiodifusión | 0/1 | 0.00% | 47.00% | 93 | Weak |
Derecho de autor | 1/3 (33.33%) | 45.45% | 65.00% | 112 | Weak |
Diseños Industriales | 0/2 | 0.00% | 31.00% | 82 | Weak |
Circuitos integrados | 0/1 | 0.00% | 2.00% | 4 | Weak |
Derechos conexos | 0/3 | 0.00% | 46.00% | 120 | Weak |
Origen | 0/3 | 0.00% | 14.00% | 51 | Weak |
Patentes | 2/5 (40.00%) | 47.62% | 57.00% | 87 | Weak |
Marcas | 0/6 | 0.00% | 33.00% | 124 | Weak |
Obtenciones vegetales | 0/1 | 0.00% | 37.00% | 73 | Weak |
Total | 3 | 15.79% | 42.00% | 148 | Weak |
TRANSPORTE Y TELECOMUNICACIONES | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Trasporto aéreo | 0/7 | 0.00% | 59.00% | 181 | Weak |
Aviones y aviación civil | 5/9 (55.56%) | 68.00% | 74.00% | 134 | Weak |
Embarcaciones y lÃneas de carga | 0/13 | 0.00% | 66.00% | 167 | Weak |
Trasporto marÃtimo | 0/12 | 0.00% | 27.00% | 180 | Weak |
Trasporto multimodal | 0/2 | 0.00% | 4.00% | 15 | Weak |
Trasporto ferroviario | 0/3 | 0.00% | 22.00% | 50 | Weak |
Carretera | 0/4 | 0.00% | 31.00% | 86 | Weak |
Espacial | 0/4 | 0.00% | 40.00% | 120 | Weak |
Telecomunicationes | 0/2 | 0.00% | 47.00% | 114 | Weak |
Total | 5 | 11.49% | 50.00% | 189 | Weak |
Strong | |
---|---|
Customs | Customs Codification |
Environment and products | Chemicals |
Environment and products | Foodstuff |
Environment and products | International watercourses |
Finance, payments and insolvency | Bankruptcy and insolvency |
Human Rights and Labour Standards | Labour Standards |
Investments | Investment disputes |
WTO | WTO Agreements |
Average | |
Contracts | Franchising |
Contracts | Principles, trade usages and standards |
Finance, payments and insolvency | Credit transfers |
Weak | |
Contracts | Agency |
Contracts | Conflict of laws |
Contracts | E-commerce |
Contracts | Leasing/Factoring |
Contracts | Procurement |
Contracts | Sale of Goods |
Contracts | Travel contracts |
Customs | Customs Cooperation |
Customs | Exemption from Duties |
Customs | Temporary Admission |
Customs | Transit |
Dispute resolution | Arbitration |
Dispute resolution | Judicial cooperation |
Dispute resolution | Recognition of foreign judgments |
Dispute resolution | State court jurisdiction |
Dispute resolution | State court procedure |
Dispute resolution | State immunities |
Environment and products | Air |
Environment and products | Energy |
Environment and products | Flora and fauna |
Environment and products | General |
Environment and products | Maritime and Law of the Sea |
Environment and products | Protected geographical areas |
Environment and products | Waste |
Finance, payments and insolvency | Assignment of receivables |
Finance, payments and insolvency | Bills of exchange and promissory notes |
Finance, payments and insolvency | Cheques |
Finance, payments and insolvency | International guarantees |
Good Governance | Corruption |
Good Governance | Cultural Property |
Good Governance | Drugs |
Good Governance | Insider Trading |
Good Governance | Organized crime |
Human Rights and Labour Standards | Human rights |
Institutional Participation | Dispute Resolution |
Institutional Participation | International Trade Law |
Institutional Participation | Trade support institutions |
Intellectual property | Broadcasting |
Intellectual property | Copyright |
Intellectual property | Industrial designs |
Intellectual property | Integrated circuits |
Intellectual property | Neighboring Rights |
Intellectual property | Origin |
Intellectual property | Patents |
Intellectual property | Trademarks |
Intellectual property | Varieties of plants |
Investments | Investment guaranty |
Products | General |
Products | Marine Resources |
Products | Timber |
Transport and telecommunications | Air transport |
Transport and telecommunications | Aircrafts and civil aviation |
Transport and telecommunications | Maritime shipping and load lines |
Transport and telecommunications | Maritime transport |
Transport and telecommunications | Multi modal transport |
Transport and telecommunications | Rail transport |
Transport and telecommunications | Road transport |
Transport and telecommunications | Space |
Transport and telecommunications | Telecommunications |
Treaties law | General |
WTO | Plurilateral Agreements |
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