India
- Abstract
- Summary
- Comparative Statistical Analysis
- Strengths and Weakness
- Instruments ratifications
- Historical Data
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Wikipedia Country Information
La India[9], oficialmente República de la India (en hindi, भारत गणराज्य, Bhārat Gaṇarājya; en inglés, Republic of India), es un país soberano ubicado en el sur del continente asiático. Con sus más de 1409 millones de habitantes, es el segundo país del mundo por población. Su superficie es de 3 287 263 km²,[4] lo cual lo ubica en el séptimo lugar entre los países más extensos del planeta. Limita con el océano Índico al sur, con el mar arábigo al oeste y con el golfo de Bengala al este, a lo largo de una línea costera de más de 7517 kilómetros.[10]
La India también limita con Pakistán al oeste;[11] al norte con China, Nepal y Bután y al este con Bangladés y Birmania. Además, la India se encuentra cerca de las islas de Sri Lanka, Maldivas e Indonesia. Su capital es Nueva Delhi y su ciudad más poblada es Bombay.
Hogar de la cultura del valle del Indo y una región histórica por sus rutas comerciales y grandes imperios, el subcontinente indio fue identificado por su riqueza cultural y comercial en la mayor parte de su larga historia.[12] Cuatro de las religiones más importantes del mundo, el hinduismo, el budismo, el jainismo y el sijismo se originaron allí, mientras que otras religiones como el zoroastrismo, el judaísmo, el cristianismo y el islam llegaron durante el I milenio, dando forma a diversas culturas de la región.
Gradualmente anexada por la Compañía Británica de las Indias Orientales desde principios del siglo XVIII y colonizada por el Reino Unido desde mediados del siglo XIX, la India se convirtió en una nación independiente en 1947, tras una lucha por la independencia que estuvo marcada por un movimiento de no violencia.[13]
La India es una república federal[14] compuesta por 28 estados y 8 territorios de la Unión, con un sistema de democracia parlamentaria. En 2017, la economía india es la tercera más grande del mundo y la sexta en términos de PIB nominal. Las reformas económicas de 1991 la han transformado en una de las economías de más rápido crecimiento;[15] sin embargo, todavía sufre de problemas como los altos niveles de pobreza, analfabetismo,[16] pandemias, malnutrición y constantes violaciones de los derechos de las mujeres. En 2016, el 10% más rico de la población posee 55% del ingreso nacional.[17] Además de una sociedad plural en lo religioso, multilingüe y multiétnica, la India también alberga una flora y fauna diversas en diferentes hábitats protegidos.
Además, la República de la India es uno de los diez países que posee un arsenal nuclear y no es signataria del Tratado de No Proliferación Nuclear, dado que, en sus actuales términos, no le permitiría mantener su armamento atómico. La India pasó del puesto 140 al 177 entre 2016 y 2018 en el Índice de Desempeño Ambiental compilado por investigadores de las universidades de Yale y Columbia. En particular, el estudio destaca el "alarmante" deterioro de la calidad del aire.[18]
Instruments ratified: | 142 / 282 |
---|---|
World Average Ratifications: | 114 / 282 |
Ratification rate: | 46.55% |
World Average Rate: | 41.25% |
Weighted score: | 52.55% |
World Average Weighted Score: | 41.25% |
World rank: | 55 / 194 |
ADUANAS | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Codificación aduanera | 2/3 (66.67%) | 100.00% | 78.00% | 1 | Strong |
Cooperación aduanera | 3/6 (50.00%) | 73.33% | 26.00% | 3 | Strong |
Derechos de aduana | 3/9 (33.33%) | 40.74% | 30.00% | 66 | Strong |
Importaciones temporales | 5/11 (45.45%) | 50.00% | 28.00% | 44 | Strong |
Tránsito | 1/4 (25.00%) | 45.45% | 28.00% | 51 | Strong |
Total | 14 | 53.26% | 31.00% | 39 | Strong |
BUENA GOBERNABILIDAD | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Corrupción | 2/4 (50.00%) | 66.67% | 50.00% | 34 | Strong |
Objetos culturales | 2/4 (50.00%) | 50.00% | 54.00% | 61 | Weak |
Estupefacientes | 3/3 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 95.00% | 1 | Weak |
Información privilegiada | 0/1 | 0.00% | 4.00% | 9 | Weak |
Delincuencia organizada | 2/2 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 80.00% | 1 | Strong |
Total | 9 | 75.00% | 68.00% | 56 | Average |
CONTRATOS | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Representacion | 0/2 | 0.00% | 2.00% | 8 | Weak |
Conflicto de leyes | 0/7 | 0.00% | 3.00% | 27 | Weak |
Comercio electronico | 2/3 (66.67%) | 66.67% | 18.00% | 2 | Strong |
Franchising | 0/1 | 0.00% | 0.00% | 1 | Average |
Leasing/Factoring | 0/2 | 0.00% | 5.00% | 13 | Weak |
Principios, usos, y normas | 0/2 | 0.00% | 0.00% | 1 | Average |
Contratación pública | 0/4 | 0.00% | 3.00% | 31 | Weak |
Venta de mercancÃas | 0/5 | 0.00% | 25.00% | 89 | Weak |
Contratos de viaje | 0/1 | 0.00% | 3.00% | 7 | Weak |
Total | 2 | 14.49% | 9.00% | 37 | Strong |
CONTROVERSIAS, ARBITRAJE E TRIBUNALES | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Arbitraje | 4/6 (66.67%) | 60.00% | 32.00% | 11 | Strong |
Cooperacion judicial | 3/5 (60.00%) | 78.95% | 36.00% | 42 | Strong |
Reconocimiento de juicios extranjeros | 0/2 | 0.00% | 2.00% | 6 | Weak |
Competencia judicial | 0/4 | 0.00% | 14.00% | 29 | Weak |
Procedimento judicial | 0/1 | 0.00% | 6.00% | 12 | Weak |
Inmunidades de los Estados | 0/1 | 0.00% | 11.00% | 22 | Weak |
Total | 7 | 54.00% | 29.00% | 35 | Strong |
DERECHO DE LOS TRATATOS | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
General | 0/4 | 0.00% | 30.00% | 113 | Weak |
Total | 0 | 0.00% | 30.00% | 113 | Weak |
DERECHOS DEL HOMBRE Y NORMAS DEL TRABAJO | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Derechos del Hombre | 7/7 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 96.00% | 1 | Weak |
Normas del trabajo | 8/8 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 86.00% | 1 | Strong |
Total | 15 | 100.00% | 91.00% | 1 | Average |
FINANCIACIONES, PAGO E INSOLVENCIA | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
0/1 | 0.00% | 1.00% | 2 | Weak | |
Quiebra e insolvencia | 0/1 | 0.00% | 21.00% | 41 | Weak |
Letras de cambio y pagares | 0/4 | 0.00% | 8.00% | 43 | Weak |
Cheques | 0/3 | 0.00% | 13.00% | 36 | Weak |
Transferencias internacionales | 0/1 | 0.00% | 0.00% | 1 | Average |
Garantias | 2/3 (66.67%) | 54.55% | 20.00% | 5 | Strong |
Total | 2 | 14.63% | 12.00% | 52 | Strong |
INVERSIONES | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Controversias en materia de inversiones | 0/2 | 0.00% | 39.00% | 152 | Weak |
GarantÃa de inversiones | 1/1 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 93.00% | 1 | Weak |
Total | 1 | 33.33% | 57.00% | 148 | Weak |
MEDIO AMBIENTE Y PRODUCTOS | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Air | 4/5 (80.00%) | 80.00% | 86.00% | 59 | Weak |
Produtos quÃmicos | 1/1 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 78.00% | 1 | Strong |
EnergÃa | 0/2 | 0.00% | 25.00% | 50 | Weak |
Fauna y flora | 9/10 (90.00%) | 93.48% | 68.00% | 4 | Strong |
Alimentos | 2/2 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 79.00% | 1 | Strong |
General | 1/1 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 95.00% | 1 | Weak |
Rios internacionales | 0/1 | 0.00% | 18.00% | 36 | Weak |
Esapcios marÃtimos y derecho del mar | 18/26 (69.23%) | 67.39% | 46.00% | 48 | Strong |
Zonas geográficas protegidas | 1/1 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 27.00% | 1 | Strong |
Residuos | 1/1 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 93.00% | 1 | Weak |
Total | 37 | 78.65% | 61.00% | 27 | Strong |
OMC | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Acuerdos Plurilaterales | 0/2 | 0.00% | 18.00% | 45 | Weak |
Acuerdos de la OMC | 1/1 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 81.00% | 1 | Strong |
Total | 1 | 45.45% | 47.00% | 45 | Weak |
PARTICIPACIóN INSTITUCIONAL | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Controversias, arbitraje e tribunales | 1/1 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 39.00% | 1 | Strong |
Derecho Mercantil Internacional | 10/10 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 73.00% | 1 | Strong |
Instituciones de apoyo comercial | 6/6 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 51.00% | 1 | Strong |
Total | 17 | 100.00% | 63.00% | 1 | Strong |
PRODUCTOS | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Recursos marinos | 0/1 | 0.00% | 24.00% | 48 | Weak |
Maderas | 1/1 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 31.00% | 1 | Strong |
General | 1/1 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 92.00% | 1 | Weak |
Total | 2 | 76.92% | 53.00% | 23 | Strong |
PROPIEDAD INTELECTUAL | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Radiodifusión | 0/1 | 0.00% | 47.00% | 93 | Weak |
Derecho de autor | 2/3 (66.67%) | 54.55% | 65.00% | 94 | Weak |
Diseños Industriales | 0/2 | 0.00% | 31.00% | 82 | Weak |
Circuitos integrados | 0/1 | 0.00% | 2.00% | 4 | Weak |
Derechos conexos | 1/3 (33.33%) | 23.08% | 46.00% | 114 | Weak |
Origen | 0/3 | 0.00% | 14.00% | 51 | Weak |
Patentes | 3/5 (60.00%) | 71.43% | 57.00% | 60 | Strong |
Marcas | 1/6 (16.67%) | 22.73% | 33.00% | 86 | Weak |
Obtenciones vegetales | 0/1 | 0.00% | 37.00% | 73 | Weak |
Total | 7 | 30.53% | 42.00% | 111 | Weak |
TRANSPORTE Y TELECOMUNICACIONES | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Trasporto aéreo | 4/7 (57.14%) | 76.19% | 59.00% | 54 | Strong |
Aviones y aviación civil | 5/9 (55.56%) | 76.00% | 74.00% | 80 | Weak |
Embarcaciones y lÃneas de carga | 11/13 (84.62%) | 94.29% | 66.00% | 11 | Strong |
Trasporto marÃtimo | 3/12 (25.00%) | 20.83% | 27.00% | 103 | Weak |
Trasporto multimodal | 0/2 | 0.00% | 4.00% | 15 | Weak |
Trasporto ferroviario | 0/3 | 0.00% | 22.00% | 50 | Weak |
Carretera | 1/4 (25.00%) | 27.78% | 31.00% | 70 | Weak |
Espacial | 3/4 (75.00%) | 83.33% | 40.00% | 16 | Strong |
Telecomunicationes | 1/2 (50.00%) | 83.33% | 47.00% | 26 | Strong |
Total | 28 | 59.46% | 50.00% | 59 | Strong |
Strong | |
---|---|
Contracts | E-commerce |
Customs | Customs Codification |
Customs | Customs Cooperation |
Customs | Exemption from Duties |
Customs | Temporary Admission |
Customs | Transit |
Dispute resolution | Arbitration |
Dispute resolution | Judicial cooperation |
Environment and products | Chemicals |
Environment and products | Flora and fauna |
Environment and products | Foodstuff |
Environment and products | Maritime and Law of the Sea |
Environment and products | Protected geographical areas |
Finance, payments and insolvency | International guarantees |
Good Governance | Corruption |
Good Governance | Organized crime |
Human Rights and Labour Standards | Labour Standards |
Institutional Participation | Dispute Resolution |
Institutional Participation | International Trade Law |
Institutional Participation | Trade support institutions |
Intellectual property | Patents |
Products | Timber |
Transport and telecommunications | Air transport |
Transport and telecommunications | Maritime shipping and load lines |
Transport and telecommunications | Space |
Transport and telecommunications | Telecommunications |
WTO | WTO Agreements |
Average | |
Contracts | Franchising |
Contracts | Principles, trade usages and standards |
Finance, payments and insolvency | Credit transfers |
Weak | |
Contracts | Agency |
Contracts | Conflict of laws |
Contracts | Leasing/Factoring |
Contracts | Procurement |
Contracts | Sale of Goods |
Contracts | Travel contracts |
Dispute resolution | Recognition of foreign judgments |
Dispute resolution | State court jurisdiction |
Dispute resolution | State court procedure |
Dispute resolution | State immunities |
Environment and products | Air |
Environment and products | Energy |
Environment and products | General |
Environment and products | International watercourses |
Environment and products | Waste |
Finance, payments and insolvency | Assignment of receivables |
Finance, payments and insolvency | Bankruptcy and insolvency |
Finance, payments and insolvency | Bills of exchange and promissory notes |
Finance, payments and insolvency | Cheques |
Good Governance | Cultural Property |
Good Governance | Drugs |
Good Governance | Insider Trading |
Human Rights and Labour Standards | Human rights |
Intellectual property | Broadcasting |
Intellectual property | Copyright |
Intellectual property | Industrial designs |
Intellectual property | Integrated circuits |
Intellectual property | Neighboring Rights |
Intellectual property | Origin |
Intellectual property | Trademarks |
Intellectual property | Varieties of plants |
Investments | Investment disputes |
Investments | Investment guaranty |
Products | General |
Products | Marine Resources |
Transport and telecommunications | Aircrafts and civil aviation |
Transport and telecommunications | Maritime transport |
Transport and telecommunications | Multi modal transport |
Transport and telecommunications | Rail transport |
Transport and telecommunications | Road transport |
Treaties law | General |
WTO | Plurilateral Agreements |
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