Bulgaria
- Abstract
- Summary
- Comparative Statistical Analysis
- Strengths and Weakness
- Instruments ratifications
- Historical Data
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Wikipedia Country Information
Bulgaria (en búlgaro, България), oficialmente República de Bulgaria (en búlgaro: Република България, Republika Bǎlgarija),[5] es uno de los veintisiete estados soberanos que forman la Unión Europea. Está situado al sureste del continente europeo. Limita con Rumania al norte (separados en gran parte por el Danubio), Serbia y Macedonia del Norte al oeste, y con Grecia y Turquía al sur. El mar Negro se encuentra ubicado al este del país.
Con un territorio de 110 879 km²,[1] Bulgaria se sitúa en el lugar 15.º de Europa por su superficie.[6] Varias zonas montañosas definen el paisaje, destacando la Stara Planina (los Balcanes) y las montañas Ródope, así como las montañas Rila, que incluyen el pico más alto en la región de los Balcanes, el Musala. Por el contrario, la llanura del Danubio en el norte y la llanura tracia superior en el sur, son las regiones más bajas y más fértiles de Bulgaria. Los 354 km de costas en el mar Negro constituyen todo el límite oriental del país.[1] La capital y ciudad mayor es Sofía, con una población permanente de 1 270 284 habitantes.[7]
La aparición del estado búlgaro se remonta al siglo VII. El estado y la etnia búlgaros actuales conservan las tradiciones del Primer Imperio Búlgaro (681-1018), que llegó a abarcar la mayor parte de los Balcanes y lógicamente se convirtió en un centro cultural para los eslavos en la Edad Media.[8] Con la caída del Segundo Imperio Búlgaro (1185-1396/1422), su territorio cayó bajo el dominio otomano durante casi cinco siglos. La Guerra Ruso-Turca (1877-1878) llevó a la creación del Principado autónomo de Bulgaria en 1878, que ganó su plena soberanía en 1908.[9] En 1945, tras la Segunda Guerra Mundial, se convirtió en un estado socialista y formó parte del Bloque del Este, hasta que sucedieron los cambios políticos en Europa Oriental en 1989 y 1990, cuando el Partido Comunista permitió elecciones multipartidistas y Bulgaria llevó a cabo una transición a la democracia parlamentaria y la economía de libre mercado capitalista con resultados mixtos.
Bulgaria funciona como una democracia parlamentaria dentro de una república constitucional unitaria. Además de ser miembro de la Unión Europea, la OTAN, las Naciones Unidas y la Organización Mundial del Comercio, cuenta con un muy alto índice de desarrollo humano de 0,816, el 52.º más alto en 2018.[4]
Instruments ratified: | 174 / 282 |
---|---|
World Average Ratifications: | 114 / 282 |
Ratification rate: | 61.07% |
World Average Rate: | 41.25% |
Weighted score: | 67.14% |
World Average Weighted Score: | 41.25% |
World rank: | 20 / 194 |
ADUANAS | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Codificación aduanera | 2/3 (66.67%) | 100.00% | 78.00% | 1 | Strong |
Cooperación aduanera | 2/6 (33.33%) | 40.00% | 26.00% | 48 | Strong |
Derechos de aduana | 5/9 (55.56%) | 62.96% | 30.00% | 37 | Strong |
Importaciones temporales | 7/11 (63.64%) | 73.53% | 28.00% | 24 | Strong |
Tránsito | 2/4 (50.00%) | 72.73% | 28.00% | 17 | Strong |
Total | 18 | 66.30% | 31.00% | 30 | Strong |
BUENA GOBERNABILIDAD | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Corrupción | 3/4 (75.00%) | 75.00% | 50.00% | 6 | Strong |
Objetos culturales | 3/4 (75.00%) | 68.75% | 54.00% | 38 | Strong |
Estupefacientes | 3/3 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 95.00% | 1 | Weak |
Información privilegiada | 0/1 | 0.00% | 4.00% | 9 | Weak |
Delincuencia organizada | 2/2 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 80.00% | 1 | Strong |
Total | 11 | 82.69% | 68.00% | 30 | Strong |
CONTRATOS | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Representacion | 0/2 | 0.00% | 2.00% | 8 | Weak |
Conflicto de leyes | 0/7 | 0.00% | 3.00% | 27 | Weak |
Comercio electronico | 0/3 | 0.00% | 18.00% | 70 | Weak |
Franchising | 0/1 | 0.00% | 0.00% | 1 | Average |
Leasing/Factoring | 0/2 | 0.00% | 5.00% | 13 | Weak |
Principios, usos, y normas | 0/2 | 0.00% | 0.00% | 1 | Average |
Contratación pública | 0/4 | 0.00% | 3.00% | 31 | Weak |
Venta de mercancÃas | 1/5 (20.00%) | 45.45% | 25.00% | 29 | Strong |
Contratos de viaje | 0/1 | 0.00% | 3.00% | 7 | Weak |
Total | 1 | 7.25% | 9.00% | 94 | Weak |
CONTROVERSIAS, ARBITRAJE E TRIBUNALES | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Arbitraje | 2/6 (33.33%) | 50.00% | 32.00% | 29 | Strong |
Cooperacion judicial | 4/5 (80.00%) | 94.74% | 36.00% | 23 | Strong |
Reconocimiento de juicios extranjeros | 0/2 | 0.00% | 2.00% | 6 | Weak |
Competencia judicial | 1/4 (25.00%) | 100.00% | 14.00% | 1 | Strong |
Procedimento judicial | 1/1 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 6.00% | 1 | Strong |
Inmunidades de los Estados | 0/1 | 0.00% | 11.00% | 22 | Weak |
Total | 8 | 68.00% | 29.00% | 10 | Strong |
DERECHO DE LOS TRATATOS | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
General | 2/4 (50.00%) | 66.67% | 30.00% | 11 | Strong |
Total | 2 | 66.67% | 30.00% | 11 | Strong |
DERECHOS DEL HOMBRE Y NORMAS DEL TRABAJO | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Derechos del Hombre | 7/7 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 96.00% | 1 | Weak |
Normas del trabajo | 8/8 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 86.00% | 1 | Strong |
Total | 15 | 100.00% | 91.00% | 1 | Average |
FINANCIACIONES, PAGO E INSOLVENCIA | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
0/1 | 0.00% | 1.00% | 2 | Weak | |
Quiebra e insolvencia | 0/1 | 0.00% | 21.00% | 41 | Weak |
Letras de cambio y pagares | 0/4 | 0.00% | 8.00% | 43 | Weak |
Cheques | 0/3 | 0.00% | 13.00% | 36 | Weak |
Transferencias internacionales | 0/1 | 0.00% | 0.00% | 1 | Average |
Garantias | 0/3 | 0.00% | 20.00% | 75 | Weak |
Total | 0 | 0.00% | 12.00% | 117 | Weak |
INVERSIONES | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Controversias en materia de inversiones | 1/2 (50.00%) | 50.00% | 39.00% | 2 | Strong |
GarantÃa de inversiones | 1/1 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 93.00% | 1 | Weak |
Total | 2 | 66.67% | 57.00% | 2 | Strong |
MEDIO AMBIENTE Y PRODUCTOS | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Air | 4/5 (80.00%) | 80.00% | 86.00% | 59 | Weak |
Produtos quÃmicos | 1/1 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 78.00% | 1 | Strong |
EnergÃa | 2/2 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 25.00% | 1 | Strong |
Fauna y flora | 8/10 (80.00%) | 82.61% | 68.00% | 29 | Strong |
Alimentos | 2/2 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 79.00% | 1 | Strong |
General | 1/1 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 95.00% | 1 | Weak |
Rios internacionales | 0/1 | 0.00% | 18.00% | 36 | Weak |
Esapcios marÃtimos y derecho del mar | 18/26 (69.23%) | 73.91% | 46.00% | 32 | Strong |
Zonas geográficas protegidas | 1/1 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 27.00% | 1 | Strong |
Residuos | 1/1 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 93.00% | 1 | Weak |
Total | 38 | 80.21% | 61.00% | 23 | Strong |
OMC | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Acuerdos Plurilaterales | 2/2 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 18.00% | 1 | Strong |
Acuerdos de la OMC | 1/1 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 81.00% | 1 | Strong |
Total | 3 | 100.00% | 47.00% | 1 | Strong |
PARTICIPACIóN INSTITUCIONAL | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Controversias, arbitraje e tribunales | 1/1 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 39.00% | 1 | Strong |
Derecho Mercantil Internacional | 10/10 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 73.00% | 1 | Strong |
Instituciones de apoyo comercial | 6/6 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 51.00% | 1 | Strong |
Total | 17 | 100.00% | 63.00% | 1 | Strong |
PRODUCTOS | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Recursos marinos | 0/1 | 0.00% | 24.00% | 48 | Weak |
Maderas | 0/1 | 0.00% | 31.00% | 61 | Weak |
General | 1/1 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 92.00% | 1 | Weak |
Total | 1 | 38.46% | 53.00% | 85 | Weak |
PROPIEDAD INTELECTUAL | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Radiodifusión | 1/1 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 47.00% | 1 | Strong |
Derecho de autor | 3/3 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 65.00% | 1 | Strong |
Diseños Industriales | 2/2 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 31.00% | 1 | Strong |
Circuitos integrados | 0/1 | 0.00% | 2.00% | 4 | Weak |
Derechos conexos | 3/3 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 46.00% | 1 | Strong |
Origen | 2/3 (66.67%) | 66.67% | 14.00% | 7 | Strong |
Patentes | 4/5 (80.00%) | 85.71% | 57.00% | 30 | Strong |
Marcas | 5/6 (83.33%) | 77.27% | 33.00% | 29 | Strong |
Obtenciones vegetales | 1/1 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 37.00% | 1 | Strong |
Total | 21 | 87.37% | 42.00% | 18 | Strong |
TRANSPORTE Y TELECOMUNICACIONES | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Trasporto aéreo | 4/7 (57.14%) | 76.19% | 59.00% | 54 | Strong |
Aviones y aviación civil | 5/9 (55.56%) | 76.00% | 74.00% | 80 | Weak |
Embarcaciones y lÃneas de carga | 12/13 (92.31%) | 97.14% | 66.00% | 1 | Strong |
Trasporto marÃtimo | 6/12 (50.00%) | 33.33% | 27.00% | 55 | Strong |
Trasporto multimodal | 0/2 | 0.00% | 4.00% | 15 | Weak |
Trasporto ferroviario | 3/3 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 22.00% | 1 | Strong |
Carretera | 3/4 (75.00%) | 83.33% | 31.00% | 35 | Strong |
Espacial | 3/4 (75.00%) | 83.33% | 40.00% | 16 | Strong |
Telecomunicationes | 1/2 (50.00%) | 83.33% | 47.00% | 26 | Strong |
Total | 37 | 76.35% | 50.00% | 18 | Strong |
Strong | |
---|---|
Contracts | Sale of Goods |
Customs | Customs Codification |
Customs | Customs Cooperation |
Customs | Exemption from Duties |
Customs | Temporary Admission |
Customs | Transit |
Dispute resolution | Arbitration |
Dispute resolution | Judicial cooperation |
Dispute resolution | State court jurisdiction |
Dispute resolution | State court procedure |
Environment and products | Chemicals |
Environment and products | Energy |
Environment and products | Flora and fauna |
Environment and products | Foodstuff |
Environment and products | Maritime and Law of the Sea |
Environment and products | Protected geographical areas |
Good Governance | Corruption |
Good Governance | Cultural Property |
Good Governance | Organized crime |
Human Rights and Labour Standards | Labour Standards |
Institutional Participation | Dispute Resolution |
Institutional Participation | International Trade Law |
Institutional Participation | Trade support institutions |
Intellectual property | Broadcasting |
Intellectual property | Copyright |
Intellectual property | Industrial designs |
Intellectual property | Neighboring Rights |
Intellectual property | Origin |
Intellectual property | Patents |
Intellectual property | Trademarks |
Intellectual property | Varieties of plants |
Investments | Investment disputes |
Transport and telecommunications | Air transport |
Transport and telecommunications | Maritime shipping and load lines |
Transport and telecommunications | Maritime transport |
Transport and telecommunications | Rail transport |
Transport and telecommunications | Road transport |
Transport and telecommunications | Space |
Transport and telecommunications | Telecommunications |
Treaties law | General |
WTO | Plurilateral Agreements |
WTO | WTO Agreements |
Average | |
Contracts | Franchising |
Contracts | Principles, trade usages and standards |
Finance, payments and insolvency | Credit transfers |
Weak | |
Contracts | Agency |
Contracts | Conflict of laws |
Contracts | E-commerce |
Contracts | Leasing/Factoring |
Contracts | Procurement |
Contracts | Travel contracts |
Dispute resolution | Recognition of foreign judgments |
Dispute resolution | State immunities |
Environment and products | Air |
Environment and products | General |
Environment and products | International watercourses |
Environment and products | Waste |
Finance, payments and insolvency | Assignment of receivables |
Finance, payments and insolvency | Bankruptcy and insolvency |
Finance, payments and insolvency | Bills of exchange and promissory notes |
Finance, payments and insolvency | Cheques |
Finance, payments and insolvency | International guarantees |
Good Governance | Drugs |
Good Governance | Insider Trading |
Human Rights and Labour Standards | Human rights |
Intellectual property | Integrated circuits |
Investments | Investment guaranty |
Products | General |
Products | Marine Resources |
Products | Timber |
Transport and telecommunications | Aircrafts and civil aviation |
Transport and telecommunications | Multi modal transport |
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