Latvia
- Abstract
- Summary
- Comparative Statistical Analysis
- Strengths and Weakness
- Instruments ratifications
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Wikipedia Country Information
Latvia ( or (listen); Latvian: Latvija [ˈlatvija]; Latgalian: Latveja; Livonian: Leţmō), officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvian: Latvijas Republika, Latgalian: Latvejas Republika, Livonian: Leţmō Vabāmō), is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is one of the Baltic states; and is bordered by Estonia to the north, Lithuania to the south, Russia to the east, Belarus to the southeast, and shares a maritime border with Sweden to the west. Latvia covers an area of 64,589 km2 (24,938 sq mi), with a population of 1.9 million. The country has a temperate seasonal climate. Its capital and largest city is Riga. Latvians belong to the ethno-linguistic group of the Balts; and speak Latvian, one of the only two surviving Baltic languages. Russians are the most prominent minority in the country, at almost a quarter of the population.
After centuries of German, Swedish, Polish-Lithuanian and Russian rule, which was mainly executed by the Baltic German aristocracy, the Republic of Latvia was established on 18 November 1918 when it broke away from the German Empire and declared independence in the aftermath of World War I. However, by the 1930s the country became increasingly autocratic after the coup in 1934 establishing an authoritarian regime under Kārlis Ulmanis. The country's de facto independence was interrupted at the outset of World War II, beginning with Latvia's forcible incorporation into the Soviet Union, followed by the invasion and occupation by Nazi Germany in 1941, and the re-occupation by the Soviets in 1944 to form the Latvian SSR for the next 45 years. As a result of extensive immigration during the Soviet occupation, ethnic Russians became the most prominent minority in the country, now constituting nearly a quarter of the population. The peaceful Singing Revolution started in 1987, and ended with the restoration of de facto independence on 21 August 1991. Since then, Latvia has been a democratic unitary parliamentary republic.
Latvia is a developed country, with a high-income advanced economy; ranking very high in the Human Development Index. It performs favorably in measurements of civil liberties, press freedom, internet freedom, democratic governance, living standards, and peacefulness. Latvia is a member of the European Union, Eurozone, NATO, the Council of Europe, the United Nations, the Council of the Baltic Sea States, the International Monetary Fund, the Nordic-Baltic Eight, the Nordic Investment Bank, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, and the World Trade Organization.
Instruments ratified: | 156 / 282 |
---|---|
World Average Ratifications: | 114 / 282 |
Ratification rate: | 55.32% |
World Average Rate: | 41.25% |
Weighted score: | 61.62% |
World Average Weighted Score: | 41.25% |
World rank: | 36 / 194 |
Europe Union rank: | 27 / 28 |
Europe Union Avg. Ratifications: | 180 / 282 |
Northern Europe rank: | 9 / 10 |
Northern Europe Avg. Ratifications: | 174 / 282 |
Transition economy rank: | 13 / 28 |
Transition economy Avg. Ratifications: | 141 / 282 |
CONTRACTS | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agency | 0/2 | 0.00% | 2.00% | 8 | Weak |
Conflict of laws | 0/7 | 0.00% | 3.00% | 27 | Weak |
E-commerce | 0/3 | 0.00% | 18.00% | 70 | Weak |
Franchising | 0/1 | 0.00% | 0.00% | 1 | Average |
Leasing/Factoring | 2/2 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 5.00% | 1 | Strong |
Principles, trade usages and standards | 0/2 | 0.00% | 0.00% | 1 | Average |
Procurement | 0/4 | 0.00% | 3.00% | 31 | Weak |
Sale of Goods | 1/5 (20.00%) | 45.45% | 25.00% | 29 | Strong |
Travel contracts | 0/1 | 0.00% | 3.00% | 7 | Weak |
Total | 3 | 15.94% | 9.00% | 31 | Strong |
CUSTOMS | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Customs Codification | 2/3 (66.67%) | 100.00% | 78.00% | 1 | Strong |
Customs Cooperation | 3/6 (50.00%) | 60.00% | 26.00% | 4 | Strong |
Exemption from Duties | 2/9 (22.22%) | 22.22% | 30.00% | 92 | Weak |
Temporary Admission | 1/11 (9.09%) | 14.71% | 28.00% | 94 | Weak |
Transit | 2/4 (50.00%) | 72.73% | 28.00% | 17 | Strong |
Total | 10 | 35.87% | 31.00% | 71 | Strong |
DISPUTE RESOLUTION | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Arbitration | 1/6 (16.67%) | 25.00% | 32.00% | 86 | Weak |
Judicial cooperation | 5/5 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 36.00% | 1 | Strong |
Recognition of foreign judgments | 0/2 | 0.00% | 2.00% | 6 | Weak |
State court jurisdiction | 1/4 (25.00%) | 100.00% | 14.00% | 1 | Strong |
State court procedure | 1/1 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 6.00% | 1 | Strong |
State immunities | 1/1 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 11.00% | 1 | Strong |
Total | 9 | 66.00% | 29.00% | 20 | Strong |
ENVIRONMENT AND PRODUCTS | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Air | 4/5 (80.00%) | 80.00% | 86.00% | 59 | Weak |
Chemicals | 1/1 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 78.00% | 1 | Strong |
Energy | 2/2 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 25.00% | 1 | Strong |
Flora and fauna | 7/10 (70.00%) | 76.09% | 68.00% | 46 | Strong |
Foodstuff | 2/2 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 79.00% | 1 | Strong |
General | 1/1 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 95.00% | 1 | Weak |
International watercourses | 0/1 | 0.00% | 18.00% | 36 | Weak |
Maritime and Law of the Sea | 17/26 (65.38%) | 72.83% | 46.00% | 34 | Strong |
Protected geographical areas | 0/1 | 0.00% | 27.00% | 54 | Weak |
Waste | 1/1 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 93.00% | 1 | Weak |
Total | 35 | 76.56% | 61.00% | 31 | Strong |
FINANCE, PAYMENTS AND INSOLVENCY | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Assignment of receivables | 0/1 | 0.00% | 1.00% | 2 | Weak |
Bankruptcy and insolvency | 0/1 | 0.00% | 21.00% | 41 | Weak |
Bills of exchange and promissory notes | 0/4 | 0.00% | 8.00% | 43 | Weak |
Cheques | 0/3 | 0.00% | 13.00% | 36 | Weak |
Credit transfers | 0/1 | 0.00% | 0.00% | 1 | Average |
International guarantees | 2/3 (66.67%) | 54.55% | 20.00% | 5 | Strong |
Total | 2 | 14.63% | 12.00% | 52 | Strong |
GOOD GOVERNANCE | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Corruption | 3/4 (75.00%) | 75.00% | 50.00% | 6 | Strong |
Cultural Property | 1/4 (25.00%) | 31.25% | 54.00% | 142 | Weak |
Drugs | 3/3 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 95.00% | 1 | Weak |
Insider Trading | 0/1 | 0.00% | 4.00% | 9 | Weak |
Organized crime | 2/2 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 80.00% | 1 | Strong |
Total | 9 | 71.15% | 68.00% | 80 | Weak |
HUMAN RIGHTS AND LABOUR STANDARDS | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Human Rights | 7/7 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 96.00% | 1 | Weak |
Labour Standards | 8/8 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 86.00% | 1 | Strong |
Total | 15 | 100.00% | 91.00% | 1 | Average |
INSTITUTIONAL PARTICIPATION | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Dispute Resolution | 0/1 | 0.00% | 39.00% | 77 | Weak |
International Trade Law | 9/10 (90.00%) | 90.00% | 73.00% | 34 | Strong |
Trade support institutions | 4/6 (66.67%) | 66.67% | 51.00% | 56 | Strong |
Total | 13 | 76.47% | 63.00% | 61 | Strong |
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Broadcasting | 1/1 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 47.00% | 1 | Strong |
Copyright | 2/3 (66.67%) | 90.91% | 65.00% | 48 | Strong |
Industrial designs | 2/2 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 31.00% | 1 | Strong |
Integrated circuits | 0/1 | 0.00% | 2.00% | 4 | Weak |
Neighboring Rights | 3/3 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 46.00% | 1 | Strong |
Origin | 0/3 | 0.00% | 14.00% | 51 | Weak |
Patents | 4/5 (80.00%) | 85.71% | 57.00% | 30 | Strong |
Trademarks | 5/6 (83.33%) | 95.45% | 33.00% | 10 | Strong |
Varieties of plants | 1/1 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 37.00% | 1 | Strong |
Total | 18 | 84.21% | 42.00% | 21 | Strong |
INVESTMENTS | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Investment disputes | 1/2 (50.00%) | 50.00% | 39.00% | 2 | Strong |
Investment guaranty | 1/1 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 93.00% | 1 | Weak |
Total | 2 | 66.67% | 57.00% | 2 | Strong |
PRODUCTS | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Marine Resources | 0/1 | 0.00% | 24.00% | 48 | Weak |
Timber | 0/1 | 0.00% | 31.00% | 61 | Weak |
General | 1/1 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 92.00% | 1 | Weak |
Total | 1 | 38.46% | 53.00% | 85 | Weak |
TRANSPORT AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Air transport | 4/7 (57.14%) | 76.19% | 59.00% | 54 | Strong |
Aircrafts and civil aviation | 5/9 (55.56%) | 76.00% | 74.00% | 80 | Weak |
Maritime shipping and load lines | 11/13 (84.62%) | 94.29% | 66.00% | 11 | Strong |
Maritime transport | 8/12 (66.67%) | 50.00% | 27.00% | 13 | Strong |
Multi modal transport | 0/2 | 0.00% | 4.00% | 15 | Weak |
Rail transport | 2/3 (66.67%) | 72.73% | 22.00% | 36 | Strong |
Road transport | 4/4 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 31.00% | 1 | Strong |
Space | 0/4 | 0.00% | 40.00% | 120 | Weak |
Telecommunications | 1/2 (50.00%) | 83.33% | 47.00% | 26 | Strong |
Total | 35 | 75.00% | 50.00% | 21 | Strong |
TREATIES LAW | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
General | 1/4 (25.00%) | 41.67% | 30.00% | 41 | Strong |
Total | 1 | 41.67% | 30.00% | 41 | Strong |
WTO | Inst. ratified | Country score | World avg. score | Country rank in world | Strength |
Plurilateral Agreements | 2/2 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 18.00% | 1 | Strong |
WTO Agreements | 1/1 (100.00%) | 100.00% | 81.00% | 1 | Strong |
Total | 3 | 100.00% | 47.00% | 1 | Strong |
Strong | |
---|---|
Contracts | Leasing/Factoring |
Contracts | Sale of Goods |
Customs | Customs Codification |
Customs | Customs Cooperation |
Customs | Transit |
Dispute resolution | Judicial cooperation |
Dispute resolution | State court jurisdiction |
Dispute resolution | State court procedure |
Dispute resolution | State immunities |
Environment and products | Chemicals |
Environment and products | Energy |
Environment and products | Flora and fauna |
Environment and products | Foodstuff |
Environment and products | Maritime and Law of the Sea |
Finance, payments and insolvency | International guarantees |
Good Governance | Corruption |
Good Governance | Organized crime |
Human Rights and Labour Standards | Labour Standards |
Institutional Participation | International Trade Law |
Institutional Participation | Trade support institutions |
Intellectual property | Broadcasting |
Intellectual property | Copyright |
Intellectual property | Industrial designs |
Intellectual property | Neighboring Rights |
Intellectual property | Patents |
Intellectual property | Trademarks |
Intellectual property | Varieties of plants |
Investments | Investment disputes |
Transport and telecommunications | Air transport |
Transport and telecommunications | Maritime shipping and load lines |
Transport and telecommunications | Maritime transport |
Transport and telecommunications | Rail transport |
Transport and telecommunications | Road transport |
Transport and telecommunications | Telecommunications |
Treaties law | General |
WTO | Plurilateral Agreements |
WTO | WTO Agreements |
Average | |
Contracts | Franchising |
Contracts | Principles, trade usages and standards |
Finance, payments and insolvency | Credit transfers |
Weak | |
Contracts | Agency |
Contracts | Conflict of laws |
Contracts | E-commerce |
Contracts | Procurement |
Contracts | Travel contracts |
Customs | Exemption from Duties |
Customs | Temporary Admission |
Dispute resolution | Arbitration |
Dispute resolution | Recognition of foreign judgments |
Environment and products | Air |
Environment and products | General |
Environment and products | International watercourses |
Environment and products | Protected geographical areas |
Environment and products | Waste |
Finance, payments and insolvency | Assignment of receivables |
Finance, payments and insolvency | Bankruptcy and insolvency |
Finance, payments and insolvency | Bills of exchange and promissory notes |
Finance, payments and insolvency | Cheques |
Good Governance | Cultural Property |
Good Governance | Drugs |
Good Governance | Insider Trading |
Human Rights and Labour Standards | Human rights |
Institutional Participation | Dispute Resolution |
Intellectual property | Integrated circuits |
Intellectual property | Origin |
Investments | Investment guaranty |
Products | General |
Products | Marine Resources |
Products | Timber |
Transport and telecommunications | Aircrafts and civil aviation |
Transport and telecommunications | Multi modal transport |
Transport and telecommunications | Space |
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